How to Write a Law Essay
Quick answer: A UK law essay builds an argument grounded in legal authority — cases and statutes — and analyses the law critically rather than describing it. For problem questions, use the IRAC method (Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion). Cite everything accurately in OSCOLA.
Essays vs problem questions
A law essay argues a position on a legal issue or debate. A problem question applies the law to a set of facts — the IRAC method is the standard approach.
The IRAC method
- Issue — identify the legal issue.
- Rule — state the relevant law (cases, statutes).
- Application — apply the law to the facts.
- Conclusion — state the likely outcome.
Use authority precisely
- Cite leading cases and statutes accurately.
- Distinguish ratio from obiter.
- Analyse and critique the law, don’t just describe it.
- Reference in OSCOLA with footnotes.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the IRAC method?
Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion — the standard structure for answering legal problem questions.
How do I reference a law essay?
In OSCOLA — the standard UK legal citation style, using footnotes and a bibliography.
What’s the difference between a law essay and a problem question?
An essay argues a position on a legal debate; a problem question applies the law to given facts using IRAC.
What is ratio decidendi?
The binding legal principle a case decides — distinct from obiter dicta, which are non-binding remarks.
Should I describe or analyse the law?
Analyse — markers reward critical evaluation and application of authority, not description.